# Studies – test an assumption before you build a strategy

> WickScript studies count how often something happens after a condition – with a control at other times, 95 % intervals, buckets, steps and runs over all markets – without a trade setup. Strategy Lab → Stats.

Updated: 2026-10-29T20:19:54.000Z · https://chartrider.com/docs/wickscript/studies/

A study answers one question: **how often does something happen after a condition?** “Does London take the Asian range?”, “Does a raid of the previous day high close back below it?”, “Is the RSI back above 50 within 20 candles after it dropped below 30?” You write the condition and the expectation in WickScript; ChartRider counts every sample on the chart and over all markets of your watchlist – no entries, stops or targets needed. It is the step between looking at an indicator by hand and a strategy you can backtest.

```wickscript
wickscript 1
study "London takes the Asian range"
use indicator "Session Times" as st
when in killzone London
    expect "Takes the Asian high or low" high > st.ash or low < st.asl until not in killzone London
    expect "Asian high goes first" high > st.ash before low < st.asl until nyHour >= 12
    bucket nyWeekday
    bucket "Asian range" = pct(st.ash[1], st.asl[1]) step 0.5%
end
```

## How a study counts

- **`study "Name"`** instead of `indicator` or `strategy` in the second line.
- **A sample starts each time its `when … end` block runs** – here at the first candle of the London killzone, once per day.
- **`expect "Name" <condition>`** looks at the candles *after* the sample, in a window:
  - `within 20 bars` or `within 4h` – a fixed number of candles or a time span,
  - `until <condition>` – up to (not including) the candle where the condition becomes true,
  - both – whichever ends first.
- **What counts as a hit:**
  - `expect "…" <condition>` – the condition is true in at least one candle of the window,
  - `expect "…" never <condition>` – in none of them,
  - `expect "…" <a> before <b>` – `a` happens before `b` (both in the same candle = *tie*, neither = *neither*; both are shown but not counted),
  - `expect "…" <condition> at end` – the condition is true in the last candle of the window.
- **Only finished windows count.** A window that is still open at the end of the data is shown as *open* and left out, so the newest days don't bend the rate.

Looking ahead is the point of a study – but only inside `expect`. Studies have no outputs for gates, they can't trade, and indicator and strategy scripts can't use `expect`.

### When does the window start?

If everything the sample depends on is known when its candle **opens** – the time (`in killzone London`, `nyHour == 8`), inputs, or values of earlier candles (`close[1]`, `atr(14)[1]`) – the window includes that candle. Otherwise (the condition reads this candle's close, high, an indicator value …) the window starts with the next candle, because the sample is only known at the close.

For samples that start with their own candle, a `bucket` can't read that candle yet: write `atr(14)[1]` instead of `atr(14)`. The checker tells you.

## The control: is it the condition, or just the market?

A rate alone says little: London takes the Asian range in about three of four days – but so does almost any three-hour window. Each sample therefore also runs **the same test, with the same window length, shifted by 3, 6, 9 … 21 hours** (seven control windows per sample). The control rate is how often the test holds *anyway*.

- **Δ** is the rate minus the control rate, in percentage points.
- **●** means the 95 % interval of the rate excludes the control rate (from 30 samples on).
- `study "Name" control 1h` shifts by 1, 2 … 23 hours, `control 1d` uses the same time the next day, `control none` switches it off.

## Buckets

`bucket` groups the samples of its `when` block by a value at the sample:

- `bucket nyWeekday`, `bucket session`, `bucket killzone` – text, one row per value,
- `bucket close > ema(close, 50)` – yes / no,
- `bucket rsi(close, 14) step 10` – numbers in steps (`step` in the unit of the value: `step 0.5%`, `step price(10)`),
- `bucket rsi(close, 14) at 30, 70` – numbers split at edges (`< 30`, `30 – 70`, `≥ 70`),
- `bucket "Name" = <value> …` gives the bucket a name.

Thin tails of numeric buckets are folded into “< x” and “≥ y” rows.

## Steps: one probability per setting

Every `input` of a study is a step parameter, like in a strategy. Choose it as **Step 1** (and **Step 2**) in the Strategies panel and press Run in the Stats tab: each value becomes one cell in the **Steps** grid. That gives you a whole curve instead of one number – for example how often London reaches the CBDR ± 0.5, 1, 1.5 … 4 range heights:

```wickscript
wickscript 1
study "CBDR projections"
use indicator "Session Times" as st
mult = input 2 "Range multiple" from 0.5 to 4 step 0.5
size = st.cbh - st.cbl
when in killzone London
    expect "Reaches CBDR ± multiple" high >= st.cbh + mult * size or low <= st.cbl - mult * size until nyHour >= 12
end
```

Click a cell to show cards, buckets, markets, months and samples for that value.

## Strategy Lab → Stats

Open **Strategies (F6) → Strategy Lab → Stats**.

- **New study from template** adds a study to the active strategy: London and the Asian range, Judas swing, New York continues London, previous day high / low raids, CBDR projections, lunch raid, the 08:30 first move and an RSI example. **Edit script** opens it in [Scripts](https://chartrider.com/docs/wickscript/language/).
- **This chart** shows the study on the candles of the chart, right away.
- **Run on N markets** runs it on every market of the watchlist with the range, date windows and steps of the panel – in your browser. **+ 50 live perps** fills the watchlist with the 50 perpetual futures of the market overview. **All markets** then shows the run: one card per expectation, the buckets, every market, the steps grid, every month and every date window, and the newest samples.
- **Samples:** click one to jump to its candle on the chart. On the chart, the study marks every sample with ✓ (hit) or ✗ (miss) and shows the rates in the HUD.

Many buckets and markets mean many comparisons – among dozens of rows a single ● can be luck. Look for effects that hold across markets, months and date windows (blind test with a turning point, see [Strategy Lab](https://chartrider.com/docs/strategies/strategy-lab/)), then turn them into a [strategy](https://chartrider.com/docs/wickscript/strategies/).

## Values that belong to the sample

Conditions in `expect` are evaluated candle by candle. To compare with a value from the sample, keep it: `keep ref = na` at the top, `ref = close` inside the `when` block – or use `close[20]` with a fixed window. A plain variable set only inside the block is na on the other candles of the window (the checker warns). If samples overlap, a newer sample overwrites `ref` while an older window is still open – the study tells you how often that happened.

## Time values in New York

ICT times are New York times. Next to `hour`, `minute`, `weekday` and `date` (UTC) there are `nyHour`, `nyMinute`, `nyWeekday` and `nyDate` with US daylight saving time; `killzone` and the [Session Times](https://chartrider.com/docs/indicators/session-times/) indicator use New York time as well.